Critics claim the 2019 protests in Hong Kong undermine it as a leading global financial center.
David R. Meyer, an East Asia and international business expert in the Olin Business School at Washington University in St. Louis, finds that Hong Kong’s status is secure for three reasons:
- China’s government will continue to support it;
- Hong Kong’s financial networks possess extraordinary scale and sophistication; and
- No viable alternative center has emerged to challenge Hong Kong as the Asia-Pacific leader.
Meyer, a senior lecturer in management, puts forth his arguments in “The Hong Kong protests will not undermine it as a leading global financial centre,” published online in April in Area Development and Policy.
“The Hong Kong protests will not undermine it as a leading global financial center,” he said, citing his research that draws on the “geography of finance” research on global financial centers.
Protests begin
The protests started in mid-March 2019 after the government sought to allow extradition of suspects between Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan and Macau in criminal cases. Then, on June 9, came the march of “more than a million Hongkongers,” according to organizers.
As Meyer noted in the paper, protesters issued five demands: withdraw the extradition bill; make an independent inquiry into police enforcement; retract the “riot” classification of violent protests; drop charges against demonstrators; and reform elections.
Protests and riots continued into the fall. By November, demonstrations reached the airport and temporarily closed it, and protesters took over university campuses and disrupted the rapid transit system. Later that month, voters swept anti-government candidates into office in district elections. Then, as violent protests declined, peaceful protests continued this year.
‘Network hub of global capital’
Now critics claim the protests threaten Hong Kong as a leading global financial center. They suggest Hong Kong’s importance to China will fade because activities such as initial public offerings, bond sales and currency trading will be done elsewhere, Meyer said in his paper.
They speculate that other cities — among them Singapore, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen — will compete with Hong Kong and that financiers will move their business to other cities.
“These are serious claims,” Meyer said.
Yet the claim that the protests threaten Hong Kong as a leading center “fails to recognize that the city’s significance rests on its status as a network hub of global capital,” Meyer said.
“Based on this perspective,” Meyer wrote in the paper, “I argue that the protests do not threaten Hong Kong as a global financial center because its networks of capital are resilient.”
No other financial center in the Asia-Pacific region has the ability to replace it, he said.
The critics’ claim that the protests threaten Hong Kong as a leading center “fails to recognize that the city’s significance rests on its status as a network hub of global capital,” Meyer said.
“Based on this perspective, I argue that the protests do not threaten Hong Kong … No alternative financial center in Asia-Pacific has the capacity to replace it.”
Almost two centuries of stability
Research on global financial centers shows a high degree of stability at the upper-ranked centers dating back for almost two centuries, Meyer noted in the paper.
London had replaced Amsterdam as the leading center by the 19th century, and New York joined the top centers in the early 20th century. Hong Kong became the leading financial center in Asia by the late 19th century, according to the paper.
This relative stability of the upper-level financial centers persists, Meyer said. Even the 2008 global financial crisis couldn’t significantly disrupt the ranks of the top financial centers.
(Meyer said the COVID-19 crisis “will have no consequence other than near-term disruption of activity as is occurring in all major financial centers.”)
And even though China’s leaders are unhappy with the Hong Kong government and outraged over the violent protests, no evidence suggests that they will undermine the city’s financial community, according to the paper.
“Hong Kong’s financial community occupies the highest level of specializations in finance and contains multi-faceted, complex and internally connected networks,” Meyer wrote.
“Components of these networks reach across Asia and globally, which means Hong Kong is the pivot of financial expertise and knowledge in the region.”
