Medicine & Health

What are the major political issues facing health care? How do we reduce the existing significant disparities in timely access to health-care delivery? And can we prevent biomedical advances from “breaking the bank?” Prominent national experts will address those and other important issues affecting the future of medicine at the “Health Care Challenges Facing the Nation” conference Oct. 7 at Washington University Medical Center.

BucknerCertain brain changes that are common in normal aging are not the beginnings of Alzheimer’s disease, according to an article published by Washington University psychology professor Randy L. Buckner in the Sept. 30 issue of Neuron. “When you start to look across the literature, lots of data points converge suggesting there are certain changes that take place in aging that are not what cause Alzheimer’s disease,” says Buckner.

Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a Washington University neurosurgeon at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, has been named one of this year’s Top Young Innovators by Technology Review, MIT’s Magazine of Innovation. The distinction is awarded each year to 100 individuals under age 35 whose innovative work in technology has a profound impact on the world.

More than 80 percent of hip fracture patients don’t fully recover with traditional rehabilitation methods. That’s why WUSM researchers are testing a new approach: combining extended exercise therapy with daily use of a topical testosterone gel. Elderly men and women with recent hip fractures may be eligible to participate.

A biomedical engineer at WUSTL has determined love taps are better than love jolts in addressing defibrillation.When it comes to affairs of the heart, love taps are preferred over love jolts. That is the result of a team of heart researchers including Igor Efimov, Ph.D., associate professor of biomedical engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, trying to effect a better implantable heart defibrillator. Efimov and his colleagues have modeled a system where an implantable heart defibrillator focuses in on rogue electrical waves created during heart arrhythmia and busts up the disturbance, dissipating it and preventing cardiac arrest.

Ritonavir may slow bone loss in AIDS patients.In a collaborative study initiated by their clinical colleagues, scientists at the School of Medicine have shown that the AIDS drug ritonavir suppresses the creation and activity of cells that dismantle bone, potentially slowing bone loss and lowering the risk of osteoporosis in AIDS patients. The findings may encourage clinicians to consider permanently keeping ritonavir or a similar bone-sparing drug in the changing mixture of treatments for AIDS patients.

Studying elderly people with mild to moderately elevated blood pressure, researchers at the School of Medicine have found that exercise is just as effective as blood pressure medicine at reducing heart mass and the thickness of the heart wall. Exercise also provided benefits that blood pressure medicine did not, such as lowering an individual’s risk of developing diabetes.

Many Americans are faced with the fear of going hungry.Most Americans don’t think they’ll ever be faced with the question of how they will get their next meal, but a recent study co-authored by a social welfare expert at Washington University in St. Louis shows that at least 42 percent of the U.S. population will deal with food insecurity during their lifetime. “Food insecurity goes beyond the fear of going hungry,” explains Mark R. Rank, Ph.D., the Herbert S. Hadley Professor of Social Welfare at the university’s George Warren Brown School of Social Work. “Food insecurity means that people are unable to provide themselves and their families nutritionally adequate food on a regular basis.

B cellsScientists at the School of Medicine have identified a protein that can reduce the chances immune B cells will erroneously attack the body’s own tissues, causing autoimmune disorders like lupus, allergies, arthritis and diabetes. The protein is the first of its kind to be identified in B cells and could provide scientists with a new target for treating such conditions.

Surgeons cut and reposition hip bones to reduce pain.When an older person has a hip problem, surgeons often replace the damaged hip with an artificial one. But that’s not a good option for someone in their 20s or 30s, so orthopaedic surgeons at the School of Medicine are repairing damage to the hip to prevent arthritis without having to replace the hip joint.