Medicine & Health

HarbourJ. William Harbour has been named the Paul A. Cibis Distinguished Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Washington University Chancellor Mark S. Wrighton joined Larry J. Shapiro, executive vice chancellor for medical affairs and dean of the School of Medicine, in announcing the appointment.

Photo courtesy of WUSTLIt’s very important to get sunglasses with UV protection and to wear them at an early age.We all know the importance of using sunscreen to protect our skin from the sun’s harmful rays, but what about protection for our eyes? July is UV Safety Month and prolonged exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays without protection may cause eye conditions that can lead to vision loss, such as cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Sunglasses and wide-brimmed hats are your best protection against UV-related vision problems, but be careful when you’re shopping for sunglasses — the wrong kind of lenses might do more harm than good.

WUSM researchers believe a vitamin vitamin natually found in carrots and tomatoes can protect skin from sunburns. The vitamin. zeaxanthin, is a natural pigment found in fruits and vegetables.

Listed below are this month’s featured news stories. • Low-calorie diet may slow aging (week of June 7) • One hump or two? (week of June 14) • Second chance transplants (week of June 21) • Erotic images get brain’s attention (week of June 28)

The newest concept for treating coronary artery disease is to induce hearts to grow their own new blood vessels to bypass damaged tissue or clogged arteries. Unfortunately, clinical trials of two important blood-vessel growth factors have not produced stellar results. Now researchers at the School of Medicine have investigated a third signaling molecule that could overcome problems associated with the previous two.

The answer to a 50-year-old question has been found by scientists at the School of Medicine. The question: Is it possible to accurately measure the intrinsic filling function of the heart?

Researchers have found that two common organisms collude and collaborate to increase the amount of calories harvested from a class of carbohydrates found in food sweeteners. In the study, conducted in previously germ-free mice, colonization with two prominent human gut microbes led to fatter mice. Scientists at the School of Medicine called the results an illustration of how understanding the menagerie of microorganisms that live in our guts can provide new insights into health.

Eliminating a molecular signal can help protect a neuron (show here) from destructive immune system cells.It may sound like a case of blame the victim, but researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown that cells in the central nervous system can sometimes send out signals that invite hostile immune system attacks. In mice the researchers studied, this invitation resulted in damage to the protective covering of nerves, causing a disease resembling multiple sclerosis. The researchers found that they could prevent destructive immune cells from entering nervous system tissue by eliminating a molecular switch that sends “come here” messages to immune cells.

Charles Huddleston performs a pediatric lung transplant.A team of researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis has found that using lobes of lungs from living donors improves the chances of short-term survival for children who require a second lung transplant. Researchers compared the outcomes of lung retransplants in 39 children, including 13 patients who had lung retransplants using lobes from living donors and 26 who received lung retransplants using whole lungs from deceased donors. Living-donor lung retransplantation involves removing a lower lobe, or about one-third of a lung, from each of two healthy adult donors and then transplanting the lobes as replacement lungs into a child.

Histamine in the small intestine (shown in green) responding to the bacterium *Yersinia enterocolitica*Mice infected with a bacterium related to the plague sharply increase production of an enzyme that makes the inflammatory hormone histamine, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found. The increased production, which occurs in the intestine, appears to be an important part of the mouse’s successful efforts to control the infection.